Rapidly growing numbers of black immigrants have reshaped the overall black population in the United States in recent decades, particularly in the District of Columbia and other cities with large U.S.-born, African American communities, a new report says

A record 3.8 million foreign-born blacks now live in the United States, the Pew Research Center reported. The influx means that the share of foreign-born blacks, largely from Africa and the Caribbean, has grown from 3.1% of the black population in 1980 to 8.7% in 2013. By 2060, 16.5% of the U.S. black population will be foreign-born, the report says. The report highlights the degree to which the U.S. black population is less homogeneous than in previous generations, experts said. The impact of black immigration has been particularly strong in cities that already had some of the nation’s largest black populations. For instance, in the District, 15% of the black population was born outside the United States. In Miami, 34% of the black community was born elsewhere. In New York City’s metro area, the number is 28%. Nearly half the influx has occurred since 2000, the report says. The most recent wave of black immigration began in the 1960s following changes to U.S. immigration laws. In recent years, the pace has increased. The most recent Census Bureau estimates show that immigration accounted for 25% of the growth in the U.S. black population between 2010 and July 2013. Half of black immigrants arrived from the Caribbean, the Pew report says. The largest source is Jamaica, with 682,000 immigrants, followed by Haiti, with 586,000. Jamaican immigrants now make up 18% of the black population in the United States, while those from Haiti represent about 15% of the U.S. black population. But a rapidly growing proportion of foreign-born blacks who arrived in the United States in recent years came from Africa, led almost entirely by immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, the report says. Nigeria and Ethiopia have the first and second-most immigrants in the United States, respectively. Many sub-Saharan immigrants — 28% — were refugees or others seeking asylum. About 8% of black immigrants came from South or Central America, the report says.