In a long-term study of the 8th grade class of 2004, only 13% of blacks or Hispanics, compared to 29% of whites, had obtained any post-secondary credential 11 years later

About one-third of both black and Hispanic children in Texas live in poverty, according to the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s encyclopedic Kids Count project. That’s triple the share for Texas whites. In every major Texas city, minority children are vastly more likely than whites to attend schools where most of their classmates qualify as low-income. Fewer than one-in-five Texan African American and Hispanic students score as proficient in 8th grade reading on national tests — less than half the level for whites.